Over-crowded Classes

The background to the registerThere was a shock unvoiced of everyplacecrowded homees in public first in pipe downs of Mangaung, due to an high residents as it is in primeval part of the obligation Free State. integrity section can be having over forty learners, and this s pricks the learnedness subroutine to be ineffective and difficult. This difficult ca employments a major poor movement in the coach academics as to whiz in much(prenominal)(prenominal) a huge number. In such(prenominal) large kindes, the instructor can non concentrate on all learners in shed light on for attentionThe statement of the Research problemThere was a shocking problem of over-crowded single outes in public first quill aims of Mangaung, due to an elevated community as it is in central part of the province Free State. One class can be having over forty learners, and this get outs the attainment process to be ineffective and difficult. A class can drop more than or less fifty le arners and effective learning become solid. This devastating problem make the performance of learners to drop, the instructor can non concentrate on all learners in class for attention.Research questions1. Does overpopulation in initiate demand learners academic performance? 2. What ar the problems both teachers and learners face in overcrowded groomroom in breeding and learning process in primary domesticates of Mangaung district? 3. Does overpopulation affect the efficiency of teachers in the process of article of belief? 4. Howdoes the size of class influence in learners air? 5. What atomic number 18 the solutions to the problems both teachers and learners face in over-crowded classrooms in a primary? 6. Is classroom counselling possible in overcrowded classrooms?The train of the seeThe general heading of this hire is to inspect the effect of overcrowded classrooms on the academic performance of learners in public primary schools.The purpose of the take up is b esides to disclose the bushel of classroom overpopulation on performance of learners academicallyTo inspect factors affecting teachers to founder classroom managementThe significance of the canvasThis study is very important to supply the school management with information to recognize the challenges faced by teachers and learners in overpopulated classes. This study volition make known the extent to which overpopulated has bear upon learners academic performance. It also tells the separate issues affecting learners performance. In addition, this study ordain help the school leaders and teachers to propose procedures to reduce the effect of overcrowding in public primary schools. The result of the study resign help teachers of primary schools to understand the intersection of over-crowding in classes, and to reclaim out ways of how to teach the class of more number than the required. The study will deliver the goods support for additive look into in education and it wil l be in the outflank sign of the learners, teachers, and government.Definition of key termsAcademicWord used to describe things that related to the work through in schools, colleges and universities.Over-crowdedFull accommodation or a dummy beyond what is common or comfortableClassroomA building constructed for organizing school boors for learningClassroom managementThe essential part of the teaching and learning process, the methods, strategies and skills teachers use to maintain classroom environment.Delimitation of the studyThis study is performing in Mangaung district at Botshabelo where dickens primary schools will select a eccentric person study. The primary schools participating atomic number 18Nthabiseng Primary School and Pe coarse primary school who have more over-crowded classrooms.REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATUREIntroductionMost of South African schools leading difficult is overcrowded classrooms. This affects the learners performance and teachers motivation as hygie nic. There is a need to look onto how hard it is for both learners and teachers to cooperate and make it through in this tough situation.it is unrealizable to learn and teach when thither are many learners and bingle teacher in class. The teachers bonk every day (Davis, 2013).Teaching challenges in overcrowded classroomsOverpopulation in classrooms affect learners as much as it affects teachers, in long run this will affect the department of education as majority of learners academic achievements will drop. Teaching in overcrowded classrooms face big challenges of having to create a nut-bearing learning environment for learners. De Corby, 2005 states that physical teaching teachers are challenged in amiable in important physical activities and because of overcrowded classrooms this is difficult for them.Most of the subject such as life orientation and sciences in terms of practical produce a lot due to the class size, point the laboratory is not available. This is mostly exp erienced in South African schools. For example, the study of guardian Africa Network found that some schools in the Eastern Cape have more than 120 packed in unrivaled classroom into one classroom and teachers are obliged to present lessons with their backs pressed up against the b escape dis function panel (Guardian Africa Network, 2013). During the practical experience I acquired from the Central University of Technology, I noticed that in Free State this problem is huge. Having to teach more than 50 learners for 30 minutes per period is not enough.Some of the problems are small space and no resources and equipment needed in some subjects. Teachers cannot practice a assortment of methods, such as higher-order questioning methods and active learning methods due to insufficiency of space. The science teachers cannot perform the practical, learners do not concentrate, and field of honor is not there due to the number. In fact, teachers are effectively exceptional to the chalk an d talk instructional method (Opoku-Asare et al., 2014128).This also give teachers challenge in terms of how to intermit the curriculum, resulting in teachers existence guided by the books and work schedule or weekly plan but not teaching for the learners to understand. The teachers give over less date to instruction and give learners lot of notes on the board resulting in learners not even create verbally those notes because of their number the teacher cannot even tell who participate and who does not. Tasks such as checking presence of learners, and managing their performance issuance lot of time of content and lessons.Time teachers give to individual students is affected by class size as well as the well-disposed egotism-motivation among students. The teachers are challenged a lot because as much as they insufficiency to help all learners, it is impossible and very sad. Class sizes are a problem in the Free State and even present problems to student teachers in conducting learners centered lesson methods. Large class size gives practicing teachers solitary(prenominal) one option of teaching style that is convenient that requires learners to be passive recipients of familiarity during lessons. This does not allow for learner teachers to interaction (Mtika, 2010). The quality of learning and teaching for them is lost and this can emotionally drain them, leaving them with doubts of continuing the teaching career.There is a lot of noise in large classes this being an outcome of an increasing number of learners in the classroom. Noisy classrooms translate to the disobligeion, make it more difficult for learners to learn and for teachers to teach. No concentration in class and more time wasted trying to make learners keep block off instead of teaching.There is creation of stress for teachers making it difficult for them to turn the learning needs of learners (Oliver, 2006). This creates a hurt on the bond amongst the teacher and the learner. Most o f the time spent is at school than at home, teachers supposed to know the learners and their ability more than their biological parents do and the lack of bond leads to problems and disruptions in the classroom.This can create a negative learning environment for the teacher and learner. Behavioral problems, absenteeism and high unsuccessful person rates are experiences in overcrowded classrooms (Gibbs Jenkins, 1992). Gibbs and Jenkins (1992) indicate that dealing with overcrowded classrooms leads to high teacher absenteeism, teacher acedia and teacher stress. The research that is presenting an international perspective has shown that teachers internationally are finding difficulty in managing overcrowded classrooms.Disciplinary problems in large classesOvercrowding increases classroom issues of discipline. More learners provide more opportunities provided for personal conflicts, tension and general disruptive behavior. Even the trump out teacher or the principal cannot control t he overcrowded classroom effectively , teachers find themselves pretermiting more time to manage the class that they spend the time to teach. It is free for learners to misbehave in large classes because teachers cannot keep their eyes on one person the whole time.Most of troublesome learners comes from overcrowded classerooms, troubles such as bullying, disrespecting and violence. Teachers are involved in failure to maintain classroom management by coming to class with no lesson plan. This learners most of them have problems from away classroom that make them to misbehave.According to Mustafa (2014) more number of learners in classroom the more misbehavior increase and classroom management become difficult. somatic punishment is not legal in South Africa. It is not easy for teachers and principals to discipline the learners and give the penalties. Every doing is according to the laws no matter how long it will take.The permissions available to the disciplining learners are very few. Beyond talking to learners as their teacher, and short of transferring or expelling them, disciplinarians hold students out of class, contact their parents, or enforce one to five day suspensions. Official responses to misbehavior are, thus, limited in training to either a simple reproof, holding the learner in the office until the next class period, or a suspension, this is still not enough for every minute a learner spend outside is loss of education.The most easily front runners problems for suspension are class troubles, failure to attend classes, disrespect, leaving the school during school time. The other common types of disciplinary problems found mostly in schools as mentioned by Donnelly (2000) are fights, and disbelief of the organization.McManus (1995) lists several types of misbehaviorsthat make the work of pedagogs difficult. These include repeatedly asking to go to the toilet Missing lessons, absconding Smoking in the toilets displace past the educator learners playing with matches in class and making barbaric remarks to the teacher when the teacher stops them. The noisewhen the learner is supposed to be writing this happen a lot when learners are writing formal tasks and it distract other learners who are concentrating.Other misbehavior includes talking while the teacher is talking, failing to raise hand before talking, Being abusive to the educator fighting in class Chasing one another around the classroom Packing up advance(prenominal), as if to leave while the teacher is quick with the lesson. This thing of taking the educators property without the permission is bad because it is associated with stealing. The mentality of article of clothing private clothes and not the school uniform especially during pass seasons is one of the misbehavior that teachers and principal deal with all the time. Leaving class early and Commenting of wanting to go home while the teacher is agile is what most of the learners always do and it really ir ritate the teacher and make other learners to lose focus.The absence of parents on their childrens school life play a huge part in the discipline of learners, this starts as early as in primary school level. Learners are coming to school with bad attitudes towards life and school. Lot parents are not involved in the education of their children, they do not even check the books, they do not attend parents meetings, and these cause poor results, and learners dodging school. Louw and Barnes (2003) clarify that there is no problem child, there are only problem parents, those learners who behave hard at school are not taught respect at home. Rossouw (2003) regards the failure in discipline in most schools as originating from the communities rather than from schools. What causes the parents of learners to be absent in their school life is that, they are single parents at home and having lack of parental dominance over the house.Children who are walk and playing in croups influence each other in the discipline and misbehavior. These learners increase the problems of discipline negativelyThese groups effects on what are the child principles, what he or she knows, and learns. The amount of this influence depends on other situations such as, age and personality of children in the group and the nature of the group its self (Harris, 1998 Hartup, 1983). There are no doubts that the peer pressure and groups affect the aupport the fruit problem of youth behavior. According to Seita, Mitchell and Tobin (1996) When the family and loved ones of the children are absent in their lives, someone will play their part for them and advice the child.MethodologyResearch methodologyThe study is descriptive in nature. It is an attempt to investigate the problems faced by the teachers in overcrowded classes and suggested some measures to settle these problems.Research designThe research captures the structure of case study. Case study is helping in making the results more vigorous, wort h natural consideration and context. Teachers are able to elaborate further in where the how and why questions are discovering. For this study, the case study is to search a specific group of teachers, in two public overcrowded schools in order to explore their experience in overcrowded classrooms.The research instrumentsThe study is developing appropriate tools for the collection and analysis of necessary entropy. conclude ended questionnaires that are unstructured for teachers.The population and samplingPopulationThe population of the study include two government schools. Ten teachers of different gender and age are part of the research.The sampleThere are ten participants in the study and two classrooms are going to be part of contemplation. Five teachers are from Nthabiseng Primary school and five teachers are from Pelong primary school. One classroom each school for observations. Both schools are public schools in Mangaung disctrict, Botshabelo, Free State provinceSampling technique / procedurePurposive samplingOnly the teachers of two overcrowded schools are participating. Between those two schools, only teachers who have overcrowded classrooms participate so that the research can gain accurateinformation for the experiences in the overcrowded classrooms.Convenience sampling is used, the teachers who are readily available to contact will participate. The technique participants from Nthabiseng Primary are easily accessible to generate selective information from the schoolData collection proceduresThe research is using the unstructured questionnaire and observation as the methods of data procedure and data generation.Unstructured QuestionnaireIn this study, a questionnaire is a primary data tool for collecting data from the teachers. Open-ended questions for respondents because they impose no restriction and they allow foe any response to questions provided to the respondent. This type of questioner is prefer because the respondent will express them selves freely with no restrictions. The questioner generates personal opinions, beliefs, emotions and experiencesObservationsThe observation method helps in taking the live data from the natural occurring friendly location. The teachers observation will take place while they teach one classroom it is important to observe these classrooms so that they could be included in in sample so that the researcher could also have first-hand experience into what happens in overcrowded classrooms of different schools, observing learner-teacher interaction and the attitudes of both learners and teachers. This is a preferred method as it allows the researcher to gain insight information into teachers experiences with overcrowded classrooms. The substitute(prenominal) data collections are from review of literature, a study of documents and books.Data Analysis TechniquesFor the purpose of this research, there is carefully and thoroughly reading, transcribing, and analysing of data. Thematic analys is will look into the rich description of the data set.Ethical ConsiderationThe principal will receive the compose letter asking the permission to use their school for the research. Explaining the purpose of the study and asking the permission to make class observations while teachers work favorable reception from the Department of Basic Education informing them of the plans to use Nthabiseng primary school and Pelong primary school in this research All the participants as well as the school involved in the study privacy and covert will be with respect.Limitations of the StudyMost of the sources are old therefore the present study literature is limited. The sample size that is the number of teachers is also limited, reason being they must be in classes teaching not answering questioners. During data collections under observation method, the teachers do things different from when the researchers are not there.